Why Do Gray Whales Migrate
When people think of whales along the West Coast, the one they most reliably expect to see is Eschrichtius robustus, the gray whale. This coastal traveler is famous for its gray whale migration, one of the longest annual migrations of any mammal, stretching roughly 10,000 to 14,000 miles round-trip. Each year, thousands of people witness this incredible spectacle of whale migration, with gray whales traveling between their Arctic feeding grounds and the warm, protected lagoons of Baja California, Mexico. From curious locals to eager tourists, observing the Pacific gray whale migration offers a rare glimpse into one of nature’s most fascinating journeys.
The Amazing Journey
Gray whales undertake one of the longest migrations of any mammal, traveling roughly 10,000 to 14,000 miles round-trip each year between the Arctic and Baja California, Mexico. But what is the reason behind the gray whale migration?
While there are several populations of gray whales, the ones we see during the whale migration in Southern California are the Pacific gray whales, more commonly known as the California Gray Whales.
Scientists believe Pacific gray whales migrate to the shallow, protected lagoons of Baja California, Mexico (e.g., San Ignacio, Ojo de Liebre, Magdalena Bay) because these waters offer a safe haven from predators like orcas. The limited depth makes it difficult for orcas to attack successfully, especially when mothers shield their calves.
All About Gray Whales
A key to understanding why the whale migration happens is to learn more about the whales themselves. Gray whales, unique in their biology, are the only living members of the family Eschrichtiidae. One of the aspects that makes them so unique among other modern whale species is that they filter-feed from the seafloor. Unlike other baleen whales, which feed from open ocean water, gray whales rely upon feeding benthically, filtering small crustaceans from the muddy silt on the ocean floor as they embark on their annual gray whale migration. They’re also exclusively coastal whales, which means they typically inhabit relatively shallow coastal waters.
Humans and orcas are both adult gray whale predators, the latter of whom often seek to make meals of young calves. Humans hunted gray whales during the extensive whaling period of the 19th century. Gray whales were eventually granted protection from commercial hunting and are no longer hunted on a large scale. The 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act guaranteed their protection, and populations improved to see these awesome creatures continue their annual whale migration.
Conservation Status: Challenges Facing the Gray Whale Migration
The gray whale migration is one of nature’s most remarkable journeys, but these magnificent animals still face serious challenges. After rebounding to an estimated 17,400–21,300 individuals as of late 2023, following a population decline linked to ecosystem changes and a 2018–2020 mortality event, the species is now showing new signs of stress.
In 2025, scientists reported that the migrating population dropped below 13,000, with record-low calf births — the lowest numbers observed since the 1970s. Unusually high sightings in areas like San Francisco Bay were accompanied by an increase in unexplained mortalities, raising concerns about a potential third major mortality event in two decades.
Despite these challenges, opportunities remain to witness the Pacific gray whale migration along the California coast, including at prime viewing locations like Dana Point. Observing the whale migration in the wild is not only awe-inspiring but also a reminder of the ongoing need to protect ocean ecosystems and support conservation efforts.
Your trip with eco-friendly and World Cetacean Alliance-certified operators supports local eco tourism and raises awareness for conservation efforts that help keep these magnificent animals thriving.
Dana Point: The Best Seat for the Pacific Gray Whale Migration
Every year from late November through early May, thousands of gray whales pass Southern California during the annual gray whale migration, and Dana Point is one of the most reliable and engaging places to see them.
• Southbound Pacific gray whale migration peaks in December and January, as whales travel toward the warm, protected lagoons of Baja California, Mexico to mate and give birth.
• Northbound whale migration occurs from February through May, with mothers and calves often traveling close to shore, offering unforgettable viewing opportunities.
Dana Point’s unique underwater geography, including a steep drop-off just offshore, draws gray whales near the coastline. On calm days, whales can be seen from the harbor, beaches, or cliffs, providing spectacular up-close encounters.
Guided whale watching safaris led by knowledgeable naturalists ensure experiences are both respectful and educational. Whether photographing a dramatic breach, watching a mother teach her calf to dive, or admiring a fluke disappearing beneath the waves, Dana Point offers a front-row seat to the Pacific gray whale migration.
Festival of Whales: Celebrate the Gray Whale Migration
Every year, Dana Point celebrates one of nature’s most spectacular events: the Pacific gray whale migration. The Festival of Whales highlights marine life, community, and conservation, with parades, art exhibits, eco-tours, and educational experiences for visitors of all ages. It’s a celebration of marine life, community, and the unique aspects that make Dana Point the Dolphin & Whale Watching Capital of the World®.
The festival is an ideal way to witness the awe-inspiring migration while learning about gray whale behavior and the importance of protecting ocean ecosystems. Bring your camera, your sense of wonder, and a light sweater for the cool ocean breeze, and join the community in celebrating these incredible animals as they continue their ancient journey along the California coast.
Wherever up or down the West Coast you decide to spot some gray whales, you’re sure to enjoy all the perks of seeing marine mammals in Dana Point, the Dolphin and Whale Watching Capital of the World®. Our highly regarded captains and crew always make sure their experience at sea and extensive knowledge of marine life come with friendliness and excitement. You can book a private charter with friends, or experience the wonders of whale migration with a guided dolphin and whale safari, but whatever kind of whale watching experience you have, you’ll know it’s a genuinely thrilling moment for everyone when we get to see these true natural wonders of the ocean world. Having the joy of witnessing part of the gray whale migration, or better yet, a cow/calf pair on their new adventure together, it’s truly wonderful to know you’re partaking and viewing nature’s traditions in person. Hope you catch a glimpse!
Until Next Time,
Jenn Ortiz